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A through discussion of frequency synthesizers, including design and effects on systems Working engineers who design, specify, use, or test frequency synthesizers need to develop an intimate understanding of how these devices operate and their effects on the systems in which they are embedded. Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, offers complete coverage that includes both normal control system design and effects that occur due to sampling when bandwidths are pushed. While the discussion emphasizes phase-locked synthesizers, direct and digital synthesizers are covered as well. In addition to the usual discussion of second-order loops, this book describes characteristics of an important class of third-order loops and state-space analysis of loops of arbitrary order. It uses Matlab scripts (available for downloading via ftp) to produce computer-aided analyses, including complex nonlinear simulations of loops in the acquisition process; and it includes a significant volume of material on phase noise, its effects in synthesizer loops, and its impact on systems employing synthesizers. An important reference of rare power and clarity, Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, features: Three new chapters covering architectures, sampling effects, and computer-aided engineering (CAE)Multicurve graphs of transient and modulation responses for second-and third-order loopsGraphs of phase noise from 28 oscillators and 19 frequency dividers; noise theory and curves for IC oscillatorsCharge-pump phase-frequency detectors extensively coveredFractional-N, including DSP for improved spectrumsMultiple loops, including offset references